What is Phonological Awareness?
Phonological Awareness is the awareness of all of the sounds of language. It is the ability to hear and distinguish sounds structure of language, ranging from the identification and manipulation of words, syllables, onsets, and rimes, to rhyming and spelling. Phonological awareness consists of skills that typically develop gradually through the late preschool and early elementary period. They are developed with direct training and exposure
Phonological Awareness is the awareness of all of the sounds of language. It is the ability to hear and distinguish sounds structure of language, ranging from the identification and manipulation of words, syllables, onsets, and rimes, to rhyming and spelling. Phonological awareness consists of skills that typically develop gradually through the late preschool and early elementary period. They are developed with direct training and exposure
Phonological Awareness Umbrella
Phonological Awareness has six components
1. Listening
2. Rhyme/ Alliteration
3. Sentence Segmenting
4. Syllable Blending/ Segmenting
5. Onset- Rime Blending/ Segmenting
6. Phoneme Blending/ Segmenting
1. Listening
2. Rhyme/ Alliteration
3. Sentence Segmenting
4. Syllable Blending/ Segmenting
5. Onset- Rime Blending/ Segmenting
6. Phoneme Blending/ Segmenting
Listening- Children have to be able to listen to songs, poems, and books that have rhyming words and have to be able to listen to sounds, words, conversations, etc.... Listening is important for children so they can fully understand sounds in words.
Rhyme/ Alltieration- Rhyme refers to words that share the same final sound or sound sequence, like me and tree or fun and sun. Alliteration refers to words that share the same initial sound (Peter Piper).
Sentence Segmenting- Hearing or counting words in a sentence (Humpty Dumpty Sat on a Wall- six words in this sentence)
Syllable Blending/ Segmenting- Blending/Segmenting syllables is seperating words into syllables; putting words together to make a whole word (pop corn= popcorn, rain bow= rainbow, ta ble= table).
Onset- Rime Blending/ Segmenting- Onset - the initial consonant or consonant blend before the vowel.
Rime - often a rhyme, the vowel and any consonants that follows it (in the word pig- "p" is the onset and "ig" is the rime.
Phoneme Blending/ Segmenting- Phoneme blending refers to the ability to identify a word when hearing parts of the word (phonemes) in isolation (the word is cake = c-a-ke)
Rhyme/ Alltieration- Rhyme refers to words that share the same final sound or sound sequence, like me and tree or fun and sun. Alliteration refers to words that share the same initial sound (Peter Piper).
Sentence Segmenting- Hearing or counting words in a sentence (Humpty Dumpty Sat on a Wall- six words in this sentence)
Syllable Blending/ Segmenting- Blending/Segmenting syllables is seperating words into syllables; putting words together to make a whole word (pop corn= popcorn, rain bow= rainbow, ta ble= table).
Onset- Rime Blending/ Segmenting- Onset - the initial consonant or consonant blend before the vowel.
Rime - often a rhyme, the vowel and any consonants that follows it (in the word pig- "p" is the onset and "ig" is the rime.
Phoneme Blending/ Segmenting- Phoneme blending refers to the ability to identify a word when hearing parts of the word (phonemes) in isolation (the word is cake = c-a-ke)
Rhyming Activities
Sentence Segmenting Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NaW6aiOB-BA
Syllable Blending/ Segmenting Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvcgVRULaWw
Onset- Rime Online Game
Phomemic Awareness
Phonemic awareness is the ability to notice, think about, and work with the individual sounds in words.
Activity to Use When Teaching Phonemic Awareness- Sound Isolation
Activity
- A Song That Teaches Sound Isolation is Old Mac Donald Had a Farm (Yopp, 1992)
- In this song, children are asked to tell what sounds they hear at the beginning, middle, or end of words.
- You may use the same sound for each position (beginning, middle, and end) as you begin to work with a new sound and then mix them up as children learn more sounds.
What's the sound that starts these words: turtle, time, and teeth? (Wait for a response from the children - /t/.) /t/ is the sound that starts these words: turtle, time, and teeth. With a /t/, /t/, here and a /t/, /t/, there, Here a /t/, there a /t/, everywhere a /t/, /t/. /t/ is the sound that starts these words: turtle, time, and teeth.
What is the sound in the middle of these words beet and meal and read? (Wait for a response from the children - /ee/.) /ee/ is the sound in the middle of these words: beet and meal and read. With a /ee/, /ee/, here and a /ee/, /ee/, there, Here a /ee/, there a /ee/, everywhere a /ee/, /ee/. /ee/ is the sound in the middle of these words: beet and meal and read.
What's the sound at the end of these words: bed and seed and mad? (Wait for a response from the children - /d/.) /d/ is the sound at the end of these words: bed and seed and mad. With a /d/, /d/, here and a /d/, /d/, there, Here a /d/, there a /d/, everywhere a /d/, /d/. /d/ is the sound at the end of these words: bed and seed and mad
Assessing Phonemic Awareness
So far we have learned about TPRI and DIBELS in class.
DIEBLS stands for Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skils. DIEBLS can be used by a school as a universal screening or progress monitoring. This assessment is tested three time a year (beginning, middle, end) and can test students up to the fifth grade. It is a set of procedures and measures for assessing the acquisition of a set of K-5 literacy skills, such as phonemic awareness, alphabetic principle, accuracy and fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension. The theory behind DIBELS is that giving primary school students a number of quick tests, educators will have the data to identify students who need additional assistance and to monitor the effectiveness of intervention strategies.
TPRI stands for Texas Primary Reading Inventory. TPRI is one of the most popular reading assessments used in schools today and is a reading assessment designed to identify the reading development of students in kindergarten through third grade. This diagnostic instrument is an easy to use one-on-one assessment which helps teachers provide targeted instruction so that students improve as readers. The TPRI benchmark assessment is given 3 times a year. At all four grade levels, the TPRI consists of both a Screening and Inventory Section. The Screening Section quickly helps teachers to confidently identify students who may be at risk for reading difficulty. The Inventory Section of the assessment is a diagnostic tool which provides teachers with specific information about a student’s strengths and weakness in book and print awareness, phonemic awareness, reading fluency, reading and listeng comprehension just to name a few.
DIEBLS stands for Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skils. DIEBLS can be used by a school as a universal screening or progress monitoring. This assessment is tested three time a year (beginning, middle, end) and can test students up to the fifth grade. It is a set of procedures and measures for assessing the acquisition of a set of K-5 literacy skills, such as phonemic awareness, alphabetic principle, accuracy and fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension. The theory behind DIBELS is that giving primary school students a number of quick tests, educators will have the data to identify students who need additional assistance and to monitor the effectiveness of intervention strategies.
TPRI stands for Texas Primary Reading Inventory. TPRI is one of the most popular reading assessments used in schools today and is a reading assessment designed to identify the reading development of students in kindergarten through third grade. This diagnostic instrument is an easy to use one-on-one assessment which helps teachers provide targeted instruction so that students improve as readers. The TPRI benchmark assessment is given 3 times a year. At all four grade levels, the TPRI consists of both a Screening and Inventory Section. The Screening Section quickly helps teachers to confidently identify students who may be at risk for reading difficulty. The Inventory Section of the assessment is a diagnostic tool which provides teachers with specific information about a student’s strengths and weakness in book and print awareness, phonemic awareness, reading fluency, reading and listeng comprehension just to name a few.
What the Research Tells Us
The findings showed that teaching children to manipulate phonemes in words was highly effective under a variety of teaching conditions with a variety of learners across a range of grade and age levels and that teaching phonemic awareness to children significantly improves their reading more than instruction that lacks any attention to PA. The results of the experimental studies led the Panel to conclude that PA training was the cause of improvement in students’ phonemic awareness, reading, and spelling following training. PA instruction also helped normally achieving children learn to spell, and the effects lasted well beyond the end of training. However, the instruction was not effective for improving spelling in disabled readers. This is consistent with other research showing that disabled readers have difficulty learning how to spell. PA instruction is ready for implementation in the classroom, but teachers should keep in mind several cautions. First, PA training does not constitute a complete reading program. Rather, it provides children with essential foundational knowledge in the alphabetic system. It is one necessary instructional component within a complete and integrated reading program. Several additional competencies must be acquired as well to ensure that children will learn to read and write. Second, there are many ways to teach PA effectively. In implementing PA instruction, teachers need to evaluate the methods they use against measured success in their own students. Third, the motivation of both students and their teachers is a critical ingredient of success. Research has not specifically focused on this. (Report from the National Reading Panel)